Difference between revisions of "MariaDB"

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{{short description|Database management system, relational, open source, community developed fork of MySQL}}
{{multi language banner|[[MariaDB|English]] ; [[MariaDB-fr|Français]]}}
{{Infobox software
| name = MariaDB
| title = MariaDB
| logo = MariaDB colour logo.svg
| screenshot = MariaDB monitor screenshot.png
| caption =
| collapsible =
| author =
| developer = MariaDB Corporation Ab, MariaDB Foundation
| released = {{Start date and age|2009|10|29|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mariadb-5138-release-notes/ |title=MariaDB 5.1.38 Release Notes |website=MariaDB KnowledgeBase |access-date=2019-01-14}}</ref>
| latest release version = <!-- If you update [[Template:MariaDB version]], it will automatically update this page and [[List of content management systems]]--> {{MariaDB version}}
| latest release date = {{MariaDB version|releasedate}}
| discontinued =
| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Perl]], [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]]
| operating system = [[Linux]], [[Windows]], [[macOS]]<ref>{{cite web|title="Download MariaDB"|url=https://mariadb.com/downloads/|access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref>
| platform =
| size =
| language = English
| genre = [[Relational database management system|RDBMS]]
| license = [[GNU General Public License|GPLv2]], [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPLv2.1]] (client libraries)<ref name="MariaDB licenses">{{Cite web|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mariadb-license/|title=MariaDB License|website=MariaDB KnowledgeBase}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://mariadb.com/}} (MariaDB Corporation Ab, formerly SkySQL Corporation Ab)<br />{{URL|https://mariadb.org/}} (MariaDB Foundation)
}}


'''MariaDB''' is a community-developed, commercially supported [[Fork (software development)|fork]] of the [[MySQL]] [[relational database management system]] (RDBMS), intended to remain [[free and open-source software]] under the [[GNU General Public License]]. Development is led by some of the original developers of MySQL, who forked it due to concerns over its [[takeover|acquisition]] by [[Oracle Corporation]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.computerworld.com.au/article/457551/dead_database_walking_mysql_creator_why_future_belongs_mariadb/ |title=Dead database walking: MySQL's creator on why the future belongs to MariaDB - MariaDB, open source, mysql, Oracle |publisher=Computerworld |access-date=2013-09-11}}</ref>
== Introduction ==
Databases are used to manage large amounts of similar structured data, like information about clients (first name, family name, 1st line of address, 2nd line of address, zip code, city etc.), clothes (type, brand, price, size, description, number in stock etc.), purchases etc.. Databases mainly consist of tables, relationships between tables and "queries", i.e. ways to extract from the data exactly the information you need for a particular purpose, for instance "all trousers priced more than 50 € bought by clients living in Paris in 2014, with just their price and size".


MariaDB is intended to maintain high compatibility with MySQL, with library binary parity and exact matching with MySQL [[Application programming interface|APIs]] and commands, allowing it in many cases to function as drop-in replacement for MySQL. However, new features are diverging.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mariadb-versus-mysql-compatibility/|title=MariaDB versus MySQL - Compatibility|work=MariaDB KnowledgeBase|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> It includes new [[storage engine]]s like [[Aria (storage engine)|Aria]], [[InfiniDB|ColumnStore]], and [[MyRocks]].
MariaDB is a database management system using a language called SQL and included in Mageia. It is a fork of MySQL, so it often uses file and folder names including "my" or "mysql" in them. In Mageia, the configuration file is /etc/my.cnf and the databases are stored in /var/lib/mysql. Databases are not human-readable files and MariaDB doesn't include a GUI (graphic user interface). A good way to read and manage MariaDB data is PhpMyAdmin. Many applications use MariaDB to manage their data, without the final user having to know it at all.


Its lead developer/CTO is [[Michael Widenius|Michael "Monty" Widenius]], one of the founders of [[MySQL AB]] and the founder of Monty Program AB. On 16 January 2008, MySQL AB announced that it had agreed to be acquired by [[Sun Microsystems]] for approximately $1 billion. The acquisition completed on 26 February 2008. Sun was then bought the following year by [[Oracle Corporation]].  MariaDB is named after Widenius' younger daughter, Maria. (MySQL is named after his other daughter, My.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/why-is-the-project-called-mariadb/|title=Why is the project called MariaDB?|work=MariaDB KnowledgeBase|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
== Installation ==
In most cases, you will need a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) pile, plus PhpMyAdmin. To install them, go to Mageia control center (an icon in the tool bar usually at the bottom of your screen) then choose "Software management" → "Install & remove software". In the upper left part of the window, there are 2 rolling lists: in both of them, choose "All". In the "Find" field, type "lamp", press the "Enter" key and choose in the list "task-lamp-php". You will probably be asked to install required packages: click on "OK". Then in the "Find" field, type "phpmyadmin", press "Enter", check phpmyadmin's box, click "OK" if asked for dependencies. Then click on "Apply" at the right bottom of the window and read carefully the upgrade information message for MariaDB.
The installation of MariaDB also set a user and a user group both called "mysql" and who will own the files.


== Features ==
The same way, you can install just MariaDB and PhpMyAdmin, looking for "mariadb" in Mageia Software management, and choosing in the list the version of "mariadb" corresponding to your system: x86_64 for a 64 bits system, i586 for a 32 bits system.
{{Empty section|date=March 2022}}
== Configure the database ==
All commands below need be entered as root.
* Start MariaDB (i.e it was just installed) {{cmd|systemctl start mysqld}}  ''It seems installing the rpm also sets MariaDB to start at boot (should it not, issue 'systemctl enable mysqld' )''
* Issue {{cmd|mysql_secure_installation}} to set/edit MariaDB administrative "root" password and perform a few security measures - just reply to the questions.
* Then log in using that password: {{cmd|mysql -uroot -p}}, and there you can create a first database.


==MariaDB Server==
== Usage ==
MariaDB uses SQL language. You can find the list of inline commands on [https://mariadb.com/kb/en/sql-commands MariaDB.com].
There is a lesson about SQL on [http://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp W3 schools], and one in French in [http://fr.wikiversity.org/wiki/Structured_Query_Language Wikiversity], as well as lessons in French about the usage of MySQL (quite similar to MariaDB) on [http://fr.openclassrooms.com/informatique/mysql/cours OpenClassrooms].


=== Versioning ===
== Troubleshooting ==
MariaDB version numbers follow MySQL's numbering scheme up to version 5.5. Thus, MariaDB&nbsp;5.5 offers all of the MySQL&nbsp;5.5 features. There exists a gap in MySQL versions between 5.1 and 5.5, while MariaDB issued 5.2 and 5.3 point releases.
The log file, i.e. the file of errors, is /var/log/mysqld/mysqld.log .


Since specific new features have been developed in MariaDB, the developers decided that a major version number change was necessary.<ref>{{cite web|author=rasmus |url=http://blog.mariadb.org/explanation-on-mariadb-10-0/ |title=Explanation on MariaDB 10.0 « The MariaDB Blog |publisher=Blog.mariadb.org |date=2012-08-13 |access-date=2013-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.mariadb.org/what-comes-in-between-mariadb-now-and-mysql-5-6/ |title=What comes in between MariaDB now and MySQL 5.6? « The MariaDB Blog |publisher=Blog.mariadb.org |date=2012-05-28 |access-date=2013-04-16}}</ref>
[[Category:Documentation]]
 
=== Licensing ===
The MariaDB Foundation mentions:<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=About MariaDB Server|url=https://mariadb.org/about/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=MariaDB.org|language=en-US}}</ref><blockquote>MariaDB Server will remain Free and Open Source Software licensed under GPLv2, independent of any commercial entities.</blockquote>
 
=== Third-party software ===
MariaDB's API and protocol are compatible with those used by MySQL, plus some features to support native non-blocking operations and progress reporting. This means that all connectors, libraries and applications which work with MySQL should also work on MariaDB—whether or not they support its native features. On this basis, [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]] developers replaced MySQL with MariaDB in Fedora 19, out of concerns that Oracle was making MySQL a more closed software project.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/ReplaceMySQLwithMariaDB|title=Features / Replace MySQL with MariaDB|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> [[OpenBSD]] likewise in April 2013 dropped MySQL for MariaDB 5.5.<ref>{{Cite web |title= MariaDB now in OpenBSD ports tree |author= Colin Charles |date= 5 April 2013 |work= MariaDB blog |url= https://mariadb.org/mariadb-now-in-openbsd-ports-tree/ |access-date= 4 March 2017 }}</ref>
 
However, for recent MySQL features, MariaDB either has no equivalent yet (like geographic function) or deliberately chose not to be 100% compatible (like GTID, [[JSON]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/incompatibilities-and-feature-differences-between-mariadb-103-and-mysql-57/|title=Incompatibilities and Feature Differences Between MariaDB 10.3 and MySQL 5.7|work=MariaDB KnowledgeBase|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref> The list of incompatibilities grows longer with each version.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mariadb-vs-mysql-compatibility/|title=MariaDB versus MySQL - Compatibility|website=MariaDB KnowledgeBase|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref>
 
 
== MariaDB Foundation ==
 
[[File:Kaj Arnö at FOSDEM 2019 in Brussels 03.jpg|thumb|Kaj Arnö, current CEO of the MariaDB Foundation]]The MariaDB Foundation was founded in 2012 to oversee the development of MariaDB.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|author=rasmus|date=2012-12-04|title=MariaDB Foundation to Safeguard Leading Open Source Database « The MariaDB Blog|url=https://blog.mariadb.org/mariadb-foundation-to-safeguard-leading-open-source-database/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906210407/http://blog.mariadb.org/mariadb-foundation-to-safeguard-leading-open-source-database/|archive-date=6 September 2013|access-date=2013-04-16|publisher=Blog.mariadb.org}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|date=2012-12-04|title=1 million euros pledged to new MariaDB Foundation - The H Open: News and Features|url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/1-million-euros-pledged-to-new-MariaDB-Foundation-1762165.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205160023/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/1-million-euros-pledged-to-new-MariaDB-Foundation-1762165.html|archive-date=5 December 2012|access-date=2013-04-16|publisher=H-online.com}}</ref> The current CEO of the MariaDB Foundation is [[Kaj Arnö]] since February 2019.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2019-01-30|title=A Word from the Incoming CEO|url=https://mariadb.org/kaj-ceo/|access-date=2019-01-30|website=MariaDB.org|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
The Foundation describes its mission as the following:<ref name=":22"/><blockquote>The cornerstones of the MariaDB Foundation mission are Openness, Adoption, and Continuity.
 
* We ensure the MariaDB Server code base remains open for usage and contributions on technical merits.
* We strive to increase adoption by users and across use cases, platforms and means of deployment.
* We provide continuity to the MariaDB Server ecosystem, independent of any commercial entities.
</blockquote>
 
=== Notable sponsors of MariaDB Foundation ===
The most notable sponsors of MariaDB Foundation are [[Alibaba Cloud]], [[Tencent|Tencent Cloud]], [[Microsoft]], [[MariaDB#MariaDB Corporation|MariaDB Corporation Ab]], [[ServiceNow|Servicenow]], [[Schaffhausen Institute of Technology]], [[IBM]], and [[DBS Bank]].<ref name=":22"/>
 
The Foundation also works with technology partners, e.g. [[Google]] tasked one of its engineers to work at the MariaDB Foundation in 2013.<ref name=":22"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Google sniffs at MySQL fork MariaDB: Yum. Have an engineer|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/08/google_backs_mariadb/|work=[[The Register]]}}</ref>
 
=== History of MariaDB Foundation ===
In December 2012 [[Michael Widenius]], [[David Axmark]], and Allan Larsson announced the formation of a foundation that would oversee the development of MariaDB.<ref>{{cite web
|author      = rasmus
|url          = https://blog.mariadb.org/mariadb-foundation-to-safeguard-leading-open-source-database/
|title        = MariaDB Foundation to Safeguard Leading Open Source Database « The MariaDB Blog
|publisher    = Blog.mariadb.org
|date        = 2012-12-04
|access-date  = 2013-04-16
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130906210407/http://blog.mariadb.org/mariadb-foundation-to-safeguard-leading-open-source-database/
|archive-date = 6 September 2013
|url-status  = dead
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
|url        = http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/1-million-euros-pledged-to-new-MariaDB-Foundation-1762165.html
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20121205160023/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/1-million-euros-pledged-to-new-MariaDB-Foundation-1762165.html
|archive-date = 5 December 2012
|title      = 1 million euros pledged to new MariaDB Foundation - The H Open: News and Features
|publisher  = H-online.com
|date        = 2012-12-04
|access-date  = 2013-04-16
}}</ref>
 
At the time of founding in 2013 the Foundation wished to create a [[governance]] model similar to that used by the [[Eclipse Foundation]]. The Board appointed the Eclipse Foundation's Executive Director Mike Milinkovich as an advisor to lead the transition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-19 |title=MariaDB Foundation on course for community governance - The H Open: News and Features |url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/MariaDB-Foundation-on-course-for-community-governance-1844579.html |access-date=2022-02-23 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419003658/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/MariaDB-Foundation-on-course-for-community-governance-1844579.html |archive-date=19 April 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
The MariaDB Foundation's first sponsor and member was MariaDB Corporation Ab that joined in 2014 after initial agreements on the division of ownership and roles between the MariaDB Foundation and MariaDB Corporation.<ref name="governance2">{{cite web|date=2013-04-18|title=MariaDB Foundation on course for community governance|url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/MariaDB-Foundation-on-course-for-community-governance-1844579.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419003658/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/MariaDB-Foundation-on-course-for-community-governance-1844579.html|archive-date=19 April 2013|publisher=[[The H]]}}</ref><ref name="IW1608222">{{cite news|last1=Asay|first1=Matt|date=22 August 2016|title=Does MariaDB's latest move show how hard it is to make money with open source?|work=TechRepublic|url=http://www.techrepublic.com/article/does-mariadbs-latest-move-show-how-hard-it-is-to-make-money-with-open-source/|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> E.g. MariaDB is a registered trademark of MariaDB Corporation [[Aktiebolag|Ab]],<ref>{{cite web|title=MariaDB Trademarks|url=https://mariadb.com/about/legal/trademarks|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006112231/https://mariadb.com/about/legal/trademarks|archive-date=2014-10-06|website=mariadb.com}}</ref> used under license by the MariaDB Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|title=MariaDB Trademark|url=https://mariadb.org/en/trademark/|website=mariadb.org}}</ref> MariaDB Corporation Ab was originally founded in 2010 as SkySQL Corporation Ab, but changed name in 2014 to reflect its role as the main driving force behind the development of MariaDB server and the biggest support-provider for it.<ref>{{cite web|title=SkySQL to become MariaDB Corporation|url=https://mariadb.com/news-events/press-releases/skysql-become-mariadb-corporation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080931/https://mariadb.com/news-events/press-releases/skysql-become-mariadb-corporation|archive-date=6 October 2014|access-date=1 October 2014|website=mariadb.com|publisher=MariaDB Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Widenius|first1=Monty|title=Why SkySQL becoming MariaDB Corporation will be good for the MariaDB Foundation|url=https://blog.mariadb.org/why-skysql-becoming-mariadb-corporation-will-be-good-for-the-mariadb-foundation/|access-date=1 October 2014|website=MariaDB Foundation Blog}}</ref> Foundation CEO at the time, [[Simon Phipps (programmer)|Simon Phipps]] quit in 2014 on the sale of the MariaDB trademark to SkySQL. He later said: "I quit as soon as it was obvious the company was not going to allow an independent foundation."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-22|title=Does MariaDB's latest move show how hard it is to make money with open source?|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/does-mariadbs-latest-move-show-how-hard-it-is-to-make-money-with-open-source/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=TechRepublic|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
[[Simon Phipps (programmer)|Simon Phipps]] was CEO of the Foundation from April 2013 to 2014. Otto Kekäläinen was the CEO from January 2015 to September 2018.<ref name="2018_ceo">
{{cite web|title=MariaDB Foundation CEO steps down|url=https://mariadb.org/mariadb-foundation-ceo-steps-down/|website=mariadb.org}}
</ref> Arjen Lentz was appointed CEO of the Foundation in October 2018<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lentz|first=Arjen|date=2018-10-02|title=Hello World from the new MariaDB Foundation CEO: Arjen Lentz|url=https://mariadb.org/hello-world-new-mariadb-foundation-ceo-arjen-lentz/|access-date=2019-01-02|website=MariaDB.org|language=en-US}}</ref> and resigned in December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-31|title=Arjen's Last Post|url=https://mariadb.org/arjens-last-post/|access-date=2019-01-02|website=MariaDB.org|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kaj Arnö]] joined as the CEO on 1 February 2019.<ref name=":5"/> Eric Herman is the current chairman of the board.
 
==MariaDB Corporation Ab==
Initially, the development activities around MariaDB were based entirely on open source and non-commercial. To build a global business, MariaDB Corporation Ab was founded in 2010 by [[Patrik Backman]], [[Ralf Wahlsten]], [[Kaj Arnö]], [[Max Mether]], [[Ulf Sandberg]], [[Michael Carney (executive)|Mick Carney]] and [[Michael Widenius|Michael "Monty" Widenius]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harald|first=Patrik|title=Michael "Monty" Widenius redo för börsnotering i USA|url=https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/michael-monty-widenius-redo-for-borsnotering-i-usa/|access-date=2022-02-23|website=www.hbl.fi|language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Pörssilistautumiset {{!}} Suomalainen tietokantayhtiö MariaDB listautuu New Yorkin pörssiin spac-kaupan kautta |url=https://www.hs.fi/talous/art-2000008579247.html |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}</ref> The current CEO of MariaDB Corporation is [[Michael Howard (executive)|Michael Howard]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=|title=MariaDB Raises $9 Million and Appoints Michael Howard New CEO and Monty Widenius as CTO {{!}} MariaDB|url=https://mariadb.com/newsroom/press-releases/mariadb-raises-9-million-and-appoints-michael-howard-new-ceo-and-monty-widenius-as-cto/|access-date=9 March 2021|work=MariaDB}}</ref><ref name="tech_Mari2">{{Cite web|author=|date=|title=MariaDB Raises $9M More, Michael Howard Named New CEO, Monty Widenius CTO – TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/21/mariadb-raises-9m-more-michael-howard-named-new-ceo-monty-widenius-cto/|access-date=9 March 2021|work=TechCrunch}}</ref>
 
MariaDB Corporation Ab was formed after a merger between SkySQL Corporation Ab and Monty Program on 23 April 2013. Subsequently, the name was changed on 1 October 2014 to reflect the company's role as the main driving force behind the development of MariaDB Server and the largest support-provider for it.<ref name="mari_Newn2">{{Cite web|author=|date=|title=New name and new challenges {{!}} MariaDB|trans-title=|url=https://mariadb.com/fr/resources/blog/new-name-and-new-challenges/|access-date=9 March 2021|work=MariaDB|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Michael|first1=Widenius|title=Why SkySQL becoming MariaDB Corporation will be good for the MariaDB Foundation|url=http://monty-says.blogspot.com/2014/10/why-skysql-becoming-mariadb-corporation.html|access-date=9 March 2021|website=Monty says}}</ref><ref name="nord_SkyS2">{{Cite web|last=Novac|first=Dragos|date=|title=SkySQL to become MariaDB Corporation|url=https://nordic9.com/news/skysql-to-become-mariadb-corporation-news0430186205/|access-date=9 March 2021|work=Nordic 9}}</ref>
 
MariaDB Corporation Ab announced in February 2022 its intention to become a publicly listed company on the [[New York Stock Exchange]] (NYSE).<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=MariaDB Corporation Ab to Become a Publicly Traded Company via Combination with Angel Pond Holdings Corporation|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mariadb-corporation-ab-become-publicly-120000514.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=finance.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
=== Products of MariaDB Corporation Ab ===
[[MariaDB Corporation Ab]] is a contributor to the [[MariaDB Server]], develops the MariaDB database connectors<ref>{{cite web |title=Download MariaDB products and tools |url=https://mariadb.com/downloads/#connectors |website=mariadb.com |access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> ([[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Java 7]], [[Java 8]], [[Node.js]],<ref name="i-pr_Mari">{{Cite web| title = MariaDB Adds Node.js Connector| author =| work = i-programmer.info| date = | access-date = 9 March 2021| url = https://www.i-programmer.info/news/84-database/12386-mariadb-adds-nodejs-connector.html| quote = }}</ref> [[Open Database Connectivity|ODBC]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]],<ref name="dzon_Howt">{{Cite web |title=How to Connect Python Programs to MariaDB - DZone Database |author= |work=dzone.com |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://dzone.com/articles/python-to-mariadb-connector}}</ref> [[R2DBC (programming)|R2DBC]]<ref name="then_Mari">{{Cite web |title=Maria DB Gets Reactive with a Non-Blocking Connector for Java - The New Stack |author= |work=The New Stack |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://thenewstack.io/maria-db-gets-reactive-with-a-non-blocking-connector-for-java/}}</ref>) as well as the [[MariaDB Enterprise Platform]], including the [[MariaDB Enterprise Server]], optimized for production deployments. The MariaDB Enterprise Platform includes [[MariaDB MaxScale]],<ref name="mari_maxscale">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB Platform Components {{!}} MariaDB |author= |work=MariaDB |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://mariadb.com/products/mariadb-platform/components/#maxscale}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=mariadb-corporation / MaxScale |url=https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale |website=Github |access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> an advanced database proxy, MariaDB ColumnStore, a columnar storage engine for interactive ad hoc analytics,<ref name="mari_columnstore">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB Platform Components {{!}} MariaDB |author= |work=MariaDB |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://mariadb.com/products/mariadb-platform/components/#columnstore}}</ref><ref name="cio._Mari">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB targets big data analytics market with ColumnStore |last=Olavsrud |first=Thor |work=CIO |date=5 April 2016 |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://www.cio.com/article/3051146/mariadb-targets-big-data-analytics-market-with-columnstore.html}}</ref> MariaDB Xpand, a distributed SQL storage engine for massive transactional scalability,<ref name="mari_xpand">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB Xpand: Distributed SQL Database {{!}} MariaDB |author= |work=MariaDB |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://mariadb.com/products/mariadb-platform/xpand/}}</ref><ref name="info_HowM">{{Cite web |title=How MariaDB achieves global scale with Xpand |last=Johnson |first=Shane |work=InfoWorld |date=23 September 2020 |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://www.infoworld.com/article/3574077/how-mariadb-achieves-global-scale-with-xpand.html}}</ref> and MariaDB Enterprise Server, an enhanced, hardened and secured version of the community server.<ref name="mari_mariadbenterprise">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB Platform Components {{!}} MariaDB |author= |work=MariaDB |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://mariadb.com/products/mariadb-platform/components/}}</ref><ref name="appd_Mari">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB enterprise server helps you sleep at night{{!}} App Developer Magazine |last=Harris |first=Richard |work=App Developer Magazine |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://appdevelopermagazine.com/mariadb-enterprise-server-helps-you-sleep-at-night/}}</ref> MariaDB Corporation offers the MariaDB Enterprise Platform in the cloud under the name SkySQL, a database-as-a-service.<ref name="mari_skysql">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB SkySQL Launches, Delivers Next-Generation Cloud Database {{!}} MariaDB |author= |work=MariaDB |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://mariadb.com/newsroom/press-releases/mariadb-skysql-launches-delivers-next-generation-cloud-database/}}</ref><ref name="fina_Mari">{{Cite web |title=MariaDB SkySQL Launches, Delivers Next-Generation Cloud Database |author= |work=finance.yahoo.com |date= |access-date=9 March 2021 |url= https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mariadb-skysql-launches-delivers-next-131700714.html}}</ref>
 
===SkySQL===
SkySQL general availability was announced on March 31, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title= SkySQL, MariaDB-as-a-service, launches on Google Cloud |url= https://www.infoworld.com/article/3534698/skysql-mariadb-as-a-service-launches-on-google-cloud.html | work = [[InfoWorld]] }}</ref> This database-as-a-service offering from MariaDB is a managed cloud service on [[Google Cloud Platform]].
 
SkySQL is a hybrid database offering that includes a [[column family]] store, [[object storage|object store]], [[distributed SQL]] database with both a transactional and analytical query engine. The combination allows developers to use a single database for multiple use cases and avoid a proliferation of databases.
 
The benefits of using this offering vs [[Amazon RDS]] or [[Microsoft Azure]] Database's MariaDB services offerings are versioning (SkySQL ensures users are on the most recent product release) as well as having analytics and transactional support.<ref>{{cite web |title= MariaDB SkySQL managed cloud goes live on Google Cloud |url= https://www.zdnet.com/article/mariadb-skysql-managed-cloud-goes-live-on-google-cloud/ | work = [[ZDNet]] }}</ref>
 
 
 
==External links==
{{Wikibooks|MariaDB}}
* [https://mariadb.org/ MariaDB Foundation website]
* [https://mariadb.com/ MariaDB Corporation website]

Revision as of 08:39, 8 April 2022

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Introduction

Databases are used to manage large amounts of similar structured data, like information about clients (first name, family name, 1st line of address, 2nd line of address, zip code, city etc.), clothes (type, brand, price, size, description, number in stock etc.), purchases etc.. Databases mainly consist of tables, relationships between tables and "queries", i.e. ways to extract from the data exactly the information you need for a particular purpose, for instance "all trousers priced more than 50 € bought by clients living in Paris in 2014, with just their price and size".

MariaDB is a database management system using a language called SQL and included in Mageia. It is a fork of MySQL, so it often uses file and folder names including "my" or "mysql" in them. In Mageia, the configuration file is /etc/my.cnf and the databases are stored in /var/lib/mysql. Databases are not human-readable files and MariaDB doesn't include a GUI (graphic user interface). A good way to read and manage MariaDB data is PhpMyAdmin. Many applications use MariaDB to manage their data, without the final user having to know it at all.

Installation

In most cases, you will need a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) pile, plus PhpMyAdmin. To install them, go to Mageia control center (an icon in the tool bar usually at the bottom of your screen) then choose "Software management" → "Install & remove software". In the upper left part of the window, there are 2 rolling lists: in both of them, choose "All". In the "Find" field, type "lamp", press the "Enter" key and choose in the list "task-lamp-php". You will probably be asked to install required packages: click on "OK". Then in the "Find" field, type "phpmyadmin", press "Enter", check phpmyadmin's box, click "OK" if asked for dependencies. Then click on "Apply" at the right bottom of the window and read carefully the upgrade information message for MariaDB. The installation of MariaDB also set a user and a user group both called "mysql" and who will own the files.

The same way, you can install just MariaDB and PhpMyAdmin, looking for "mariadb" in Mageia Software management, and choosing in the list the version of "mariadb" corresponding to your system: x86_64 for a 64 bits system, i586 for a 32 bits system.

Configure the database

All commands below need be entered as root.

  • Start MariaDB (i.e it was just installed) Template:Cmd It seems installing the rpm also sets MariaDB to start at boot (should it not, issue 'systemctl enable mysqld' )
  • Issue Template:Cmd to set/edit MariaDB administrative "root" password and perform a few security measures - just reply to the questions.
  • Then log in using that password: Template:Cmd, and there you can create a first database.

Usage

MariaDB uses SQL language. You can find the list of inline commands on MariaDB.com. There is a lesson about SQL on W3 schools, and one in French in Wikiversity, as well as lessons in French about the usage of MySQL (quite similar to MariaDB) on OpenClassrooms.

Troubleshooting

The log file, i.e. the file of errors, is /var/log/mysqld/mysqld.log .

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